2. Iran

Persepolis, Darius the Great

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  • These people are Cappadocians from central Turkey. Like their neighbors, the Armenians (above), they wear horseman's dresses and cloaks.<br /> The Cappadocians wear capes that are closed with a Phrygian fibula, an undergarment, low shoes, and a turban. Their presents are a bridled stallion, an overcoat, a coat, and trousers. This picture shows that the trousers resemble thights.
  • The Syrians are not entirely identical to the inhabitants of modern Syria. The real name of their satrapy was "across the river" (Euphrates), and it included what is now Lebanon and Israel/Palestine. In the days of Darius, the Syennesis (king) of Cilicia may have been a vazal of the satrap of Syria.<br /> The Syrians have smooth cloaks, which leave the ankles visible, belts, and low shoes. On their heads, they wear wreaths. Their presents are two pair of bowls, a bar of copper in the shape of an animal skin, two beautiful rams, and a garment.
  • The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great, who established the Iranian dynasty—the Persian Achaemenid Empire.<br /> Medes and especially Mede soldiers are identified and portrayed prominently in ancient Persian archaeological sites such as Persepolis, where they are shown to have a major role and presence in the military of the Persian Empire's Achaemenid dynasty.
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  • In several places in Persepolis depictions of a lion attacking a bull occurs. This is a very ancient motif, predating the 5th C BC founding of Persepolis. The lion is seen in Persepolis as the symbol of absolute power and heroic triumph. The bull is also a symbol of power in ancient Persia and is seen throughout Persepolis on top of columns and guarding gates. The exact meaning of this symbolism has been lost in time and has generated much debate. The symbol occurs at four places on the Apadana staircase to the Great Palace of Darius the Great.
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  • The great king Artaxerxes, the king of kings, the king of countries, the king of this earth, says: I am the son of king Artaxerxes [II Mnemon]. Artaxerxes was the son of king Darius [II Nothus]. Darius was the son of king Artaxerxes [I]. Artaxerxes was the son king Xerxes. Xerxes was the son of king Darius [the Great]. Darius was the son of a man named Hystaspes. Hystaspes was a son of a man named Arsames, the Achaemenid.<br /> <br /> King Artaxerxes says: This stone staircase was built by me in my reign
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  • Lion attacking bull motif.<br /> <br /> The great king Artaxerxes, the king of kings, the king of countries, the king of this earth, says: I am the son of king Artaxerxes [II Mnemon]. Artaxerxes was the son of king Darius [II Nothus]. Darius was the son of king Artaxerxes [I]. Artaxerxes was the son king Xerxes. Xerxes was the son of king Darius [the Great]. Darius was the son of a man named <br /> Hystaspes. Hystaspes was a son of a man named Arsames, the Achaemenid.<br /> <br /> King Artaxerxes says: This stone staircase was built by me in my reign
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